Exceptions and test

README.md

@@ -26,7 +26,10 @@ the platform layer prefix.
     - [x] Add sys_fd for handle
     - [ ] Class and Title sys_char*
 
-- [ ] Assertions & Testing
+- [x] Assertions & Testing
+    - [x] Static Assertions
+    - [x] Basic Assertions
+    - [ ] Add failure flag to cause failure.
 - [ ] Exceptions & Errors
 - [ ] Memory Allocations
 - [ ] Arena Allocations

include/ci2.h

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ SOFTWARE.
 #define CI2_H
 
 #include "ci2_window.h" // Includes base
-
+#include "ci2_exception.h"
 
 #endif // ci2.h 
 

include/ci2_exception.h

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/* - | Copyright | --------------------------------------------------------------
+   Copyright (c) 2026 Randy Jordan
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of 
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in 
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to 
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies 
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do 
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all 
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, 
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE 
+SOFTWARE.
+
+ * --------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef CI2_EXCEPTIONS_H
+#define CI2_EXCEPTIONS_H
+
+#include "./base/ci2_base.h" // CURRENT_FUNC macro
+#include <setjmp.h> 
+#include <errno.h>
+extern int errno;
+
+struct CI2_Exception {
+    int num;
+    const char *msg;
+};
+typedef struct CI2_Exception CI2_Exception;
+
+struct CI2_Exception_Frame {
+	struct CI2_Exception_Frame *prev;
+	jmp_buf env;
+	const char *func;
+    const char *file;
+	int line;
+	const struct CI2_Exception *exception;
+};
+typedef struct CI2_Exception_Frame CI2_Exception_Frame;
+
+enum { CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_ENTERED= 0, 
+       CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_RAISED,
+       CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_HANDLED,   
+       CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_FINALIZED,
+       CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_COUNT
+};
+
+extern const struct CI2_Exception runtime_assertion_failed;
+extern struct CI2_Exception_Frame *ci2_exception_stack;
+extern void ci2_raise_exception(const struct CI2_Exception *e, const char *file, int line, const char *func);
+extern void ci2_rt_assert(int e);
+
+#ifdef CI2_WINDOWS
+
+extern DWORD ci2_exception_index;
+extern void ci2_exception_init(void);
+extern void ci2_exception_push(struct CI2_Exception_Frame *fp);
+extern void ci2_exception_pop(void);
+
+#define CI2_RAISE(e) ci2_raise_exception(&(e), __FILE__, __LINE__, CURRENT_FUNC)
+#define CI2_RERAISE ci2_raise_exception(exception_frame.exception, \
+	exception_frame.file, exception_frame.line, CURRENT_FUNC)
+#define CI2_RETURN switch (ci2_exception_pop(),0) default: return
+#define CI2_TRY do { \
+	volatile int ci2_exception_flag; \
+	CI2_Exception_Frame exception_frame; \
+	if (exception_index == TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES) \
+		ci2_exception_init(); \
+	ci2_exception_push(&exception_frame);  \
+	ci2_exception_flag = setjmp(exception_frame.env); \
+	if (ci2_exception_flag == CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_ENTERED) {
+#define CI2_EXCEPT(e) \
+		if (ci2_except_flag == CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_ENTERED) ci2_exception_pop(); \
+	} else if (exception_frame.exception == &(e)) { \
+		ci2_exception_flag = CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_HANDLED;
+#define CI2_ELSE \
+		if (ci2_exception_flag == CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_ENTERED) ci2_exception_pop(); \
+	} else { \
+		ci2_exception_flag = CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_HANDLED;
+#define CI2_FINALLY \
+		if (ci2_exception_flag == CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_ENTERED) ci2_exception_pop(); \
+	} { \
+		if (ci2_exception_flag == CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_ENTERED) \
+			ci2_exception_flag = CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_FINALIZED;
+#define CI2_END_TRY \
+		if (ci2_exception_flag == CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_ENTERED) ci2_exception_pop(); \
+		} if (ci2_exception_flag == CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_RAISED) CI2_RERAISE; \
+} while (0)
+#else // UNIX
+#define CI2_RAISE(e) ci2_raise_exception(&(e), __FILE__, __LINE__, CURRENT_FUNC)
+#define CI2_RERAISE ci2_raise_exception(exception_frame.exception, \
+	exception_frame.file, exception_frame.line, CURRENT_FUNC)
+#define CI2_RETURN switch (ci2_exception_stack = ci2_exception_stack->prev,0) default: return
+#define CI2_TRY do { \
+	volatile int ci2_exception_flag; \
+	CI2_Exception_Frame exception_frame; \
+	exception_frame.prev = ci2_exception_stack; \
+	ci2_exception_stack = &exception_frame;  \
+	ci2_exception_flag = setjmp(exception_frame.env); \
+	if (ci2_exception_flag == CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_ENTERED) {
+#define CI2_EXCEPT(e) \
+		if (ci2_exception_flag == CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_ENTERED) ci2_exception_stack = ci2_exception_stack->prev; \
+	} else if (exception_frame.exception == &(e)) { \
+		ci2_exception_flag = CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_HANDLED;
+#define CI2_ELSE \
+		if (ci2_exception_flag == CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_ENTERED) ci2_exception_stack = ci2_exception_stack->prev; \
+	} else { \
+		ci2_exception_flag = CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_HANDLED;
+#define CI2_FINALLY \
+		if (ci2_exception_flag == CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_ENTERED) ci2_exception_stack = ci2_exception_stack->prev; \
+	} { \
+		if (ci2_exception_flag == CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_ENTERED) \
+			ci2_exception_flag = CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_FINALIZED;
+#define CI2_END_TRY \
+		if (ci2_exception_flag == CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_ENTERED) ci2_exception_stack = ci2_exception_stack->prev; \
+		} if (ci2_exception_flag == CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_RAISED) CI2_RERAISE; \
+} while (0)
+#endif
+
+
+#endif // ci2_exceptions.h 
+

src/linux_ci2_exceptions.c

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/* - | Copyright | --------------------------------------------------------------
+   Copyright (c) 2026 Randy Jordan
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of 
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in 
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to 
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies 
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do 
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all 
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, 
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE 
+SOFTWARE.
+
+ * --------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#include "../include/ci2_exception.h"
+
+struct CI2_Exception_Frame *ci2_exception_stack = NULL;
+const struct CI2_Exception runtime_assertion_failed = { EFAULT , "CI2 Runtime Assertion Failed" };
+
+void ci2_rt_assert(int e){
+    if(!e){
+        CI2_RAISE(runtime_assertion_failed);
+    }
+}
+
+void ci2_raise_exception(const struct CI2_Exception *e, const char *file,int line, const char *func){
+
+	struct CI2_Exception_Frame *p = ci2_exception_stack;
+	CI2_ASSERT(e != NULL);
+	if (p == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "CI2 Uncaught Exception");
+        if(e->num > 0)
+            fprintf(stderr," %d ",e->num);
+        if (e->msg)
+			fprintf(stderr, "| %s | ", e->msg);
+		if( !e->num || !e->msg )
+			fprintf(stderr, "at address 0x%p", (void*)e);
+		if (file && line > 0)
+			fprintf(stderr, "raised at line %d in file %s", line, file);
+        if(func)
+            printf(" by the function %s()\n", func);
+		fflush(stderr);
+		CI2_DEBUG_BREAK();
+	}
+	p->exception = e;
+	p->file = file;
+	p->line = line;
+    p->func = func;
+
+    ci2_exception_stack = ci2_exception_stack->prev;
+	longjmp(p->env, CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_RAISED);
+}
+
+

src/win32_ci2_exceptions.c

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/* - | Copyright | --------------------------------------------------------------
+   Copyright (c) 2026 Randy Jordan
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of 
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in 
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to 
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies 
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do 
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all 
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, 
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE 
+SOFTWARE.
+
+ * --------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#include "../include/ci2_exception.h"
+#include "../include/ci2_assert.h"
+// #include <stdlib.h>
+
+DWORD ci2_exception_index = -1;
+const struct CI2_Exception runtime_assertion_failed = { EFAULT, "CI2 Runtime Assertion Failed" };
+
+void ci2_rt_assert(int e){
+    if(!e){
+        CI2_RAISE(runtime_assertion_failed);
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef CI2_OS_WINDOWS
+_CRTIMP void __cdecl _assert(void *, void *, unsigned);
+#undef assert
+#define ci2_rt_assert(e) ((e) || (_assert(#e, __FILE__, __LINE__), 0))
+#endif
+
+void ci2_raise_exception(const struct CI2_Exception *e, const char *file, int line, const char *func){
+    struct CI2_Exception_Frame *p;
+
+    if (ci2_exception_index == TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES)
+        ci2_exception_init();
+    p = TlsGetValue(ci2_exception_index);
+    CI2_ASSERT(e != NULL);
+    if (p == NULL) {
+        if (p == NULL) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "CI2 Uncaught Exception");
+            if(e->num > 0)
+                fprintf(stderr," %d ",e->num);
+            if (e->msg)
+                fprintf(stderr, "| %s | ", e->msg);
+            if( !e->num || !e->msg )
+                fprintf(stderr, "at address 0x%p", (void*)e);
+            if (file && line > 0)
+                fprintf(stderr, "raised at line %d in file %s", line, file);
+            if(func)
+                printf(" by the function %s()\n", func);
+            fflush(stderr);
+            CI2_DEBUG_BREAK();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    p->exception = e;
+    p->file = file;
+    p->line = line;
+    p->func = func;
+
+    ci2_exception_pop();
+    longjmp(p->env, CI2_EXCEPT_STATE_RAISED);
+}
+
+void ci2_exception_init(void) {
+    BOOL cond;
+    ci2_exception_index = TlsAlloc();
+    CI2_ASSERT(ci2_exception_index != TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES);
+    cond = TlsSetValue(ci2_exception_index, NULL);
+    CI2_ASSERT(cond == TRUE);
+}
+
+void ci2_exception_push(struct CI2_Exception_Frame *fp) {
+    BOOL cond;
+    fp->prev = TlsGetValue(ci2_exception_index);
+    cond = TlsSetValue(ci2_exception_index, fp);
+    CI2_ASSERT(cond == TRUE);
+}
+
+void ci2_exception_pop(void) {
+    BOOL cond;
+    struct CI2_Exception_Frame *tos = TlsGetValue(ci2_exception_index);
+    cond = TlsSetValue(ci2_exception_index, tos->prev);
+    CI2_ASSERT(cond == TRUE);
+}
+

tests/01_static_asserts.c

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine
 
     // 4) Main loop: run until ci2_poll_events reports the window should close.
     //    This loop is friendly to rendering or other per-frame work.
-    int result;
+    int result = -1;
     while (ci2_poll_events(window)) {
         // Per-frame update/render would go here.
         // Example: simple sleep to avoid busy-looping; adjust to suit your app's timing.
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ int main(int argc, ci2_sys_char *argv[])
     CI2_Window* window = ci2_create_window(ci2_window_title, 800, 600);
     if (!window) return 1;
 
-    int result;
+    int result = -1;
     while (ci2_poll_events(window)) {
         // Your rendering / game loop goes here
         result = ci2_static_assertions();

tests/02_ci2_assertion.c

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+/* - | Copyright | --------------------------------------------------------------
+   Copyright (c) 2026 Randy Jordan
+
+   Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of 
+   this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in 
+   the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to 
+   use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies 
+   of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do 
+   so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+   The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all 
+   copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 
+   IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 
+   FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 
+   AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 
+   LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, 
+   OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE 
+   SOFTWARE.
+
+ * --------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#define DEBUG
+#define GUI_DEBUG_CLOSE
+
+#include "../include/ci2.h"
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+static int test_assert_failing(void){
+    #ifdef CI2_ASSERT_CRASH
+    printf("ASSERT_MSG — Deliberate Failure (expect a debug break)");
+    printf("  Triggering ASSERT_MSG(0, ...) now...\n");
+    fflush(stdout);
+
+    CI2_ASSERT_MSG(0, "This failure is intentional — testing the message path");
+
+    printf("  [FAIL] Execution continued past a failing ASSERT_MSG!\n");
+    #else
+
+        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+    #endif
+}
+
+#ifdef CI2_WINDOWS
+int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd)
+{
+    (void)hInstance;
+    (void)hPrevInstance;
+    (void)lpCmdLine;    
+    (void) nShowCmd;
+    if (!ci2_init()) {
+        MessageBoxA(NULL, "ci2_init failed", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+    static ci2_sys_char *ci2_window_title = L"Win32 CI2 Window Title";
+    CI2_Window* window = ci2_create_window(ci2_window_title, 800, 600);
+    if (!window) {
+        MessageBoxA(NULL, "ci2_create_window failed", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
+        ci2_shutdown();
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    // 4) Main loop: run until ci2_poll_events reports the window should close.
+    //    This loop is friendly to rendering or other per-frame work.
+    int result = -1;
+    while (ci2_poll_events(window)) {
+        // Per-frame update/render would go here.
+        // Example: simple sleep to avoid busy-looping; adjust to suit your app's timing.
+
+        CI2_ASSERT(ci2_true);  
+        CI2_ASSERT(1);
+        CI2_ASSERT(1 == 1);
+
+        /* Pointer non-null */
+        const char *str = "hello";
+        CI2_ASSERT(str != NULL);
+
+        /* Arithmetic */
+        int x = 42;
+        CI2_ASSERT(x > 0);
+        CI2_ASSERT(x * 2 == 84);
+
+        /* CI2_ASSERT_MSG variants */
+        CI2_ASSERT_MSG(x == 42, "x must be 42");
+        CI2_ASSERT_MSG(sizeof(int) == 4, "int must be 4 bytes on this platform");
+
+        /* Boolean */
+        bool flag = true;
+        CI2_ASSERT(flag);
+        result = test_assert_failing();
+        Sleep(1);
+        #ifdef GUI_DEBUG_CLOSE
+            break;
+        #endif
+    }
+
+    // 5) Destroy window and shutdown ci2.
+    ci2_destroy_window(window);
+    ci2_shutdown();
+
+    return result;
+}
+#else /* non-Windows (Linux, macOS, etc.) */
+#include <unistd.h>
+int main(int argc, ci2_sys_char *argv[])
+{
+    UNUSED(argc);
+    UNUSED(argv);
+    if (!ci2_init()) return 1;
+
+    static ci2_sys_char *ci2_window_title = "Linux CI2 Window Title";
+    CI2_Window* window = ci2_create_window(ci2_window_title, 800, 600);
+    if (!window) return 1;
+
+    int result = -1;
+    while (ci2_poll_events(window)) {
+        // Your rendering / game loop goes here
+        CI2_ASSERT(ci2_true);
+
+        CI2_ASSERT(1);
+        CI2_ASSERT(1 == 1);
+
+        /* Pointer non-null */
+        const char *str = "hello";
+        CI2_ASSERT(str != NULL);
+
+        /* Arithmetic */
+        int x = 42;
+        CI2_ASSERT(x > 0);
+        CI2_ASSERT(x * 2 == 84);
+
+        /* CI2_ASSERT_MSG variants */
+        CI2_ASSERT_MSG(x == 42, "x must be 42");
+        CI2_ASSERT_MSG(sizeof(int) == 4, "int must be 4 bytes on this platform");
+
+        /* Boolean */
+        bool flag = true;
+        CI2_ASSERT(flag);
+        result = test_assert_failing();
+        sleep(1);
+        #ifdef GUI_DEBUG_CLOSE
+            break;
+        #endif
+    }
+
+    ci2_destroy_window(window);
+    ci2_shutdown();
+    return result;
+}
+#endif

tests/03_ci2_exceptions.c

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+/* - | Copyright | --------------------------------------------------------------
+   Copyright (c) 2026 Randy Jordan
+
+   Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of 
+   this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in 
+   the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to 
+   use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies 
+   of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do 
+   so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+   The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all 
+   copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 
+   IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 
+   FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 
+   AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 
+   LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, 
+   OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE 
+   SOFTWARE.
+
+ * --------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#define DEBUG
+#define GUI_DEBUG_CLOSE
+
+#include "../include/ci2.h"
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+static int test_error_num;
+const struct CI2_Exception e = { EOWNERDEAD , "Owner died"};
+
+static void test_exception(){
+    test_error_num = EOWNERDEAD; // Oops better revive them.   
+    CI2_RAISE(e);
+}
+static int test_caught_exception(){
+     CI2_TRY {
+        printf("Trying to catch a failure.\n");
+        // Oops
+        test_exception();
+    }
+    CI2_EXCEPT(e) {
+        /* handle error failure gracefully */
+        fprintf(stderr, "Caught: %d: %s.\n", e.num, e.msg);
+        test_error_num = 0;
+    }
+    CI2_FINALLY {
+        /* Runs no matter what */
+        printf("Hope we caught something.\n");
+    }
+    CI2_END_TRY;
+    
+    return test_error_num;
+}
+static int test_uncaught_exception(void){
+#ifdef CI2_EXCEPTION_CRASH
+    printf("CI2_MSG — Deliberate Failure (expect a debug break)\n");
+    printf("  Triggering ci2_raise_exception() now...\n");
+    fflush(stdout);
+
+    struct CI2_Exception u = { EFAULT, "Deliberate uncaught exception test."};
+    CI2_RAISE(u);
+    printf("  [FAIL] Execution continued past a failing ASSERT_MSG!\n");
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS; // Shouldn't but still.
+#endif
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+#ifdef CI2_WINDOWS
+int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd)
+{
+    (void)hInstance;
+    (void)hPrevInstance;
+    (void)lpCmdLine;    
+    (void) nShowCmd;
+    if (!ci2_init()) {
+        MessageBoxA(NULL, "ci2_init failed", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+    static ci2_sys_char *ci2_window_title = L"Win32 CI2 Window Title";
+    CI2_Window* window = ci2_create_window(ci2_window_title, 800, 600);
+    if (!window) {
+        MessageBoxA(NULL, "ci2_create_window failed", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
+        ci2_shutdown();
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    // 4) Main loop: run until ci2_poll_events reports the window should close.
+    //    This loop is friendly to rendering or other per-frame work.
+    int result = -1;
+    while (ci2_poll_events(window)) {
+        // Per-frame update/render would go here.
+        // Example: simple sleep to avoid busy-looping; adjust to suit your app's timing.
+        
+        result = test_uncaught_exception();
+        result = test_caught_exception();
+        Sleep(1);
+        #ifdef GUI_DEBUG_CLOSE
+            break;
+        #endif
+    }
+
+    // 5) Destroy window and shutdown ci2.
+    ci2_destroy_window(window);
+    ci2_shutdown();
+
+    return result;
+}
+#else /* non-Windows (Linux, macOS, etc.) */
+#include <unistd.h>
+int main(int argc, ci2_sys_char *argv[])
+{
+    UNUSED(argc);
+    UNUSED(argv);
+    if (!ci2_init()) return 1;
+
+    static ci2_sys_char *ci2_window_title = "Linux CI2 Window Title";
+    CI2_Window* window = ci2_create_window(ci2_window_title, 800, 600);
+    if (!window) return 1;
+
+    int result = -1;
+    while (ci2_poll_events(window)) {
+        // Your rendering / game loop goes here
+
+        result = test_uncaught_exception();
+        result = test_caught_exception();
+        sleep(1);
+        #ifdef GUI_DEBUG_CLOSE
+            break;
+        #endif
+    }
+
+    ci2_destroy_window(window);
+    ci2_shutdown();
+    return result;
+}
+#endif